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S. 146 · 119th Congress · Public Law 119-12

Tools to Address Known Exploitation by Immobilizing Technological Deepfakes on Websites and Networks Act

5 sections in the law, all of them in the bill as introduced.

Signed May 19, 2025 · Introduced January 16, 2025 in the Senate

Sponsor: Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX) · 21 cosponsors (11 D, 10 R)

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Our check

Grade: Pending review

Not checked yet. No section of this law gets a verdict until a person approves the check.

Grade = share of sections a reviewed check found not described by the bill’s title or summary: Prime Cut 0%, Lean up to 5%, Marbled up to 20%, Pork Barrel over 20%. Pending review until a person has approved the check. How we decide

X-ray · every section, in order

  1. Sec. 1 Short title, in the bill as introduced
  2. Sec. 2 Criminal prohibition on intentional disclosure of nonconsensual intimate visual depictions, in the bill as introduced
  3. Sec. 3 Notice and removal of nonconsensual intimate visual depictions, in the bill as introduced
  4. Sec. 4 Definitions, in the bill as introduced
  5. Sec. 5 Severability, in the bill as introduced

The yardstick

What the law says it does

A check compares every section with these texts, and nothing else.

Official title

To require covered platforms to remove nonconsensual intimate visual depictions, and for other purposes.

Official summary (Congressional Research Service) · as public law

This act generally prohibits the nonconsensual online publication of intimate visual depictions of individuals, both authentic and computer-generated, and requires certain online platforms (e.g., social media platforms) to promptly remove such depictions upon receiving notice of their existence.

Specifically, the act prohibits the online publication of intimate visual depictions of

Violators are subject to mandatory restitution and criminal penalties, including prison, a fine, or both. Threats to publish intimate visual depictions of a subject are similarly prohibited and subject to criminal penalties.

Separately, covered platforms must establish a process through which subjects of intimate visual depictions may notify the platform of the existence of, and request removal of, an intimate visual depiction including the subject that was published without the subject’s consent. Covered platforms must remove such depictions within 48 hours of notification. Under the act, covered platforms are defined as public websites, online services, or applications that primarily provide a forum for user-generated content.

How it became law

  1. IntroducedJan 16
  2. CommitteeFeb 13
  3. HouseApr 28
  4. SenateFeb 13
  5. SignedMay 19

As introduced: To require covered platforms to remove nonconsensual intimate visual depictions, and for other purposes.

Key steps, cosponsors and text changes (15)

  1. Sponsor

    Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX)

  2. Original cosponsors

    Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN), Sen. Bill Cassidy (R-LA), Sen. Cory Booker (D-NJ), Sen. Cynthia Lummis (R-WY), Sen. Gary Peters (D-MI), Sen. Jacky Rosen (D-NV), Sen. John Barrasso (R-WY), Sen. John Curtis (R-UT), Sen. John Hickenlooper (D-CO), Sen. Marsha Blackburn (R-TN), Sen. Martin Heinrich (D-NM), Sen. Raphael Warnock (D-GA), Sen. Richard Blumenthal (D-CT), Sen. Roger Wicker (R-MS), Sen. Shelley Capito (R-WV), Sen. Ted Budd (R-NC), Sen. Tim Sheehy (R-MT), Sen. Todd Young (R-IN)

  3. SenateIntroduced in Senate

  4. Text: Introduced in Senate

    5 sections

  5. Cosponsor joined

    Sen. Adam Schiff (D-CA)

  6. Cosponsor joined

    Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto (D-NV)

  7. Cosponsor joined

    Sen. Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH)

  8. SenatePassed Senate without amendment by Unanimous Consent. (consideration: CR S988; text: CR S988-990)

  9. SenateSenate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation discharged by Unanimous Consent.

  10. Text: Engrossed in Senate

    5 sections, no changes

  11. HouseOn motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 409 - 2 (Roll no. 104). (text: CR H1644-1645)

  12. Became Public Law No: 119-12.

  13. Signed by President.

  14. HousePresented to President.

  15. Text: Enrolled Bill

    5 sections, no changes

Show every recorded step (22)

  1. Sponsor

    Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX)

  2. Original cosponsors

    Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN), Sen. Bill Cassidy (R-LA), Sen. Cory Booker (D-NJ), Sen. Cynthia Lummis (R-WY), Sen. Gary Peters (D-MI), Sen. Jacky Rosen (D-NV), Sen. John Barrasso (R-WY), Sen. John Curtis (R-UT), Sen. John Hickenlooper (D-CO), Sen. Marsha Blackburn (R-TN), Sen. Martin Heinrich (D-NM), Sen. Raphael Warnock (D-GA), Sen. Richard Blumenthal (D-CT), Sen. Roger Wicker (R-MS), Sen. Shelley Capito (R-WV), Sen. Ted Budd (R-NC), Sen. Tim Sheehy (R-MT), Sen. Todd Young (R-IN)

  3. SenateRead twice and referred to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

  4. SenateIntroduced in Senate

  5. Text: Introduced in Senate

    5 sections

  6. Cosponsor joined

    Sen. Adam Schiff (D-CA)

  7. Cosponsor joined

    Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto (D-NV)

  8. Cosponsor joined

    Sen. Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH)

  9. SenatePassed Senate without amendment by Unanimous Consent. (consideration: CR S988; text: CR S988-990)

  10. SenateSenate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation discharged by Unanimous Consent.

  11. Text: Engrossed in Senate

    5 sections, no changes

  12. HouseReceived in the House.

  13. HouseOn motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 409 - 2 (Roll no. 104). (text: CR H1644-1645)

  14. HouseConsidered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H1669)

  15. HouseAt the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.

  16. HouseDEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on S. 146.

  17. HouseConsidered under suspension of the rules. (consideration: CR H1644-1643)

  18. HouseMr. Bilirakis moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill.

  19. Became Public Law No: 119-12.

  20. Signed by President.

  21. HousePresented to President.

  22. Text: Enrolled Bill

    5 sections, no changes

Source: GovInfo bill status and text versions. 21 cosponsors.

Every section

All 5 sections, in order

From the enrolled bill text on GovInfo. Read any section in full on Congress.gov.

  1. Sec. 1Short title
  2. Sec. 2Criminal prohibition on intentional disclosure of nonconsensual intimate visual depictions
  3. Sec. 3Notice and removal of nonconsensual intimate visual depictions
  4. Sec. 4Definitions
  5. Sec. 5Severability

Sponsor and cosponsors

Show all 22 members, by last name

Sponsor: Sen. Ted Cruz (R-TX)

  • Sen. John Barrasso (R-WY)
  • Sen. Marsha Blackburn (R-TN)
  • Sen. Richard Blumenthal (D-CT)
  • Sen. Cory Booker (D-NJ)
  • Sen. Ted Budd (R-NC)
  • Sen. Shelley Capito (R-WV)
  • Sen. Bill Cassidy (R-LA)
  • Sen. Catherine Cortez Masto (D-NV)
  • Sen. John Curtis (R-UT)
  • Sen. Martin Heinrich (D-NM)
  • Sen. John Hickenlooper (D-CO)
  • Sen. Amy Klobuchar (D-MN)
  • Sen. Cynthia Lummis (R-WY)
  • Sen. Gary Peters (D-MI)
  • Sen. Jacklyn Rosen (D-NV)
  • Sen. Adam Schiff (D-CA)
  • Sen. Jeanne Shaheen (D-NH)
  • Sen. Tim Sheehy (R-MT)
  • Sen. Raphael Warnock (D-GA)
  • Sen. Roger Wicker (R-MS)
  • Sen. Todd Young (R-IN)
Share card: Tools to Address Known Exploitation by Immobilizing Technological Deepfakes on Websites and Networks Act, 5 sections in the law, all of them in the bill as introduced.

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Sources: bill text and status, GovInfo (Enrolled Bill) · Official summary, Congressional Research Service · Congress.gov, as of November 1, 2026. US government works are in the public domain · This bill on Congress.gov (opens in new tab)